CentOS7一键安全加固及系统优化脚本
init_centos7.sh 脚本内容如下 脚本说明：本脚本在 https://github.com/vtrois/spacepack上下载，并在其脚本基础上做了调整，根据前期CentOS7安全加固系列文章，添加了部分加固项
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# Author: Seaton Jiang <seaton@vtrois.com>
# Github URL: https://github.com/vtrois/spacepack
# License: MIT
# Date: 2020-08-13
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
RGB_DANGER=\'\033[31;1m\'
RGB_WAIT=\'\033[37;2m\'
RGB_SUCCESS=\'\033[32m\'
RGB_WARNING=\'\033[33;1m\'
RGB_INFO=\'\033[36;1m\'
RGB_END=\'\033[0m\'
CHECK_CENTOS=$( cat /etc/redhat-release|sed -r \'s/.* ([0-9] )\..*/\1/\' )
CHECK_RAM=$( cat /proc/meminfo | grep "MemTotal" | awk -F" " \'{ram=$2/1000000}{printf("%.0f",ram)}\' )
LOCK=/var/log/init_centos7_record.log
tool_info() {
echo -e "========================================================================================="
echo -e " Init CentOS 7 Script "
echo -e " For more information please visit https://github.com/vtrois/spacepack "
echo -e "========================================================================================="
}
check_root(){
if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
echo -e "${RGB_DANGER}This script must be run as root!${RGB_END}"
exit 1
fi
}
check_lock() {
if [ ! -f "$LOCK" ];then
touch $LOCK
else
echo -e "${RGB_DANGER}Detects that the initialization is complete and does not need to be initialized any further!${RGB_END}"
exit 1
fi
}
check_os() {
if [ "${CHECK_CENTOS}" != \'7\' ]; then
echo -e "${RGB_DANGER}This script must be run in CentOS 7!${RGB_END}"
exit 1
fi
}
new_swap() {
echo "============= swap =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
if [ "${CHECK_RAM}" -le \'2\' ]; then
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1048576 >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
chmod 600 /swapfile >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
mkswap /swapfile >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
swapon /swapfile >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo \'/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0\' >> /etc/fstab
echo \'# Swap\' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo \'vm.swappiness = 10\' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
sysctl -n vm.swappiness >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
else
echo -e "${RGB_SUCCESS}Skip, no configuration needed${RGB_END}"
fi
}
open_bbr() {
echo "============= bbr =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
echo "# BBR" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.default_qdisc=fq" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
sysctl -n net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
lsmod | grep bbr >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
disable_software() {
echo "============= selinux firewalld =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
setenforce 0 >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
sed -i \'s/^SELINUX=.*$/SELINUX=disabled/\' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl disable firewalld.service >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
systemctl stop firewalld.service >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
time_zone() {
echo "============= time zone =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
rm -rf /etc/localtime >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
ls -ln /etc/localtime >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
custom_profile() {
echo "============= custom profile =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
cat > /etc/profile.d/centos7init.sh << EOF
PS1="\[\e[37;40m\][\[\e[32;40m\]\u\[\e[37;40m\]@\h \[\e[35;40m\]\W\[\e[0m\]]\\\\$ "
GREP_OPTIONS="--color=auto"
alias l=\'ls -AFhlt\'
alias grep=\'grep --color\'
alias egrep=\'egrep --color\'
alias fgrep=\'fgrep --color\'
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "
EOF
cat /etc/profile.d/centos7init.sh >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
adjust_ulimit() {
echo "============= adjust ulimit =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
sed -i \'/^# End of file/,$d\' /etc/security/limits.conf
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <# End of file
* soft core unlimited
* hard core unlimited
* soft nproc 1000000
* hard nproc 1000000
* soft nofile 1000000
* hard nofile 1000000
root soft core unlimited
root hard core unlimited
root soft nproc 1000000
root hard nproc 1000000
root soft nofile 1000000
root hard nofile 1000000
EOF
cat /etc/security/limits.conf >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
kernel_optimum() {
echo "============= kernel optimum =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
[ ! -e "/etc/sysctl.conf_bak" ] && /bin/mv /etc/sysctl.conf{,_bak}
cat > /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
# Number of pid_max
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.pid_max = 1000000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.sysrq = 1
kernel.softlockup_panic = 1
kernel.printk = 5
# TCP kernel paramater
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
# Socket buffer
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 65535
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
# TCP conn
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15
# TCP conn reuse
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 7000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
# keepalive conn
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 = 4096
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 = 4096
EOF
sysctl -p >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
cat /etc/sysctl.conf >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
updatedb_optimum() {
echo "============= updatedb optimum =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
sed -i \'s,media,media /data,\' /etc/updatedb.conf
cat /etc/updatedb.conf >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
open_ipv6() {
echo "============= open ipv6 =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
echo \'# IPV6\' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo \'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0\' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo \'net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0\' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo \'net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0\' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
cat /etc/sysctl.conf >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
disable_cad() {
echo "============= disable cad =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
systemctl mask ctrl-alt-del.target >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
remove_users() {
echo "============= remove users =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
for u in adm lp sync shutdown halt mail operator games ftp
do
userdel ${u} >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
done
cut -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
for g in adm lp mail games ftp
do
groupdel ${g} >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
done
cat /etc/group >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
sys_permissions() {
echo "============= sys permissions =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
chmod 644 /etc/passwd >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
chmod 644 /etc/group >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
chmod 000 /etc/shadow >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
chmod 000 /etc/gshadow >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
ls -la /etc/passwd >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
ls -la /etc/group >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
ls -la /etc/shadow >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
ls -la /etc/gshadow >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
password_policy() {
echo "============= password policy =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
sed -i \'s/^PASS_MAX_DAYS.*$/PASS_MAX_DAYS 90/\' /etc/login.defs
sed -i \'s/^PASS_MIN_DAYS.*$/PASS_MIN_DAYS 10/\' /etc/login.defs
cat /etc/login.defs >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
cat >>/etc/security/pwquality.conf << EOF
minlen = 8
dcredit = -1
ucredit = -1
ocredit = -1
lcredit = -1
EOF
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
change_useradd() {
echo "============= change useradd =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
sed -i \'s/^INACTIVE.*$/INACTIVE=180/\' /etc/default/useradd
cat /etc/default/useradd >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
sec_ssh() {
echo "============= sec ssh =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
sed -i \'s/UseDNS.*$/UseDNS no/\' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i \'s/^#LoginGraceTime.*$/LoginGraceTime 60/\' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i \'s/^#PermitEmptyPasswords.*$/PermitEmptyPasswords no/\' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i \'s/^#PubkeyAuthentication.*$/PubkeyAuthentication yes/\' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i \'s/^#MaxAuthTries.*$/MaxAuthTries 3/\' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/#ClientAliveInterval 0/ClientAliveInterval 30/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/#ClientAliveCountMax 3/ClientAliveCountMax 3/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/X11Forwarding yes/X11Forwarding no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/#Banner none/Banner \/etc\/issue.net/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
echo "Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported.">/etc/issue.net
systemctl restart sshd.service >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
timeout_config() {
echo "============= timeout config =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
echo "export TMOUT=1800" >> /etc/profile.d/centos7init.sh
cat /etc/profile.d/centos7init.sh >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
lockout_policy() {
echo "============= lockout policy =============" >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -en "${RGB_WAIT}Configuring...${RGB_END}"
[ ! -e "/etc/pam.d/system-auth_bak" ] && /bin/mv /etc/pam.d/system-auth{,_bak}
cat > /etc/pam.d/system-auth << EOF
auth required pam_env.so
auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent audit deny=3 unlock_time=300
auth required pam_faildelay.so delay=2000000
auth [default=1 ignore=ignore success=ok] pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 1000 quiet
auth [default=1 ignore=ignore success=ok] pam_localuser.so
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass
auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail audit deny=3 unlock_time=300
auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 1000 quiet_success
auth sufficient pam_sss.so forward_pass
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_unix.so
account sufficient pam_localuser.so
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 1000 quiet
account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_sss.so
account required pam_permit.so
account required pam_faillock.so
password requisite pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only
password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password sufficient pam_sss.so use_authtok
password required pam_deny.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke
session required pam_limits.so
-session optional pam_systemd.so
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session required pam_unix.so
session optional pam_sss.so
EOF
[ ! -e "/etc/pam.d/password-auth_bak" ] && /bin/mv /etc/pam.d/password-auth{,_bak}
cat > /etc/pam.d/password-auth << EOF
auth required pam_env.so
auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent audit deny=3 unlock_time=300
auth required pam_faildelay.so delay=2000000
auth [default=1 ignore=ignore success=ok] pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 1000 quiet
auth [default=1 ignore=ignore success=ok] pam_localuser.so
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass
auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail audit deny=3 unlock_time=300
auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 1000 quiet_success
auth sufficient pam_sss.so forward_pass
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_unix.so
account sufficient pam_localuser.so
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 1000 quiet
account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_sss.so
account required pam_permit.so
account required pam_faillock.so
password requisite pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only
password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password sufficient pam_sss.so use_authtok
password required pam_deny.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke
session required pam_limits.so
-session optional pam_systemd.so
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session required pam_unix.so
session optional pam_sss.so
EOF
systemctl restart sshd.service >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
cat /etc/pam.d/etc/pam.d/system-auth >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
cat /etc/pam.d/password-auth >> ${LOCK} 2>&1
echo -e "\r${RGB_SUCCESS}Configuration Success${RGB_END}"
}
reboot_os() {
echo -e "\n${RGB_WARNING}Please restart the server and see if the services start up fine.${RGB_END}"
echo -en "${RGB_WARNING}Do you want to restart OS ? [y/n]: ${RGB_END}"
while :; do
read REBOOT_STATUS
if [[ ! "${REBOOT_STATUS}" =~ ^[y,n]$ ]]; then
echo -en "${RGB_DANGER}Input error, please only input \'y\' or \'n\': ${RGB_END}"
else
break
fi
done
[ "${REBOOT_STATUS}" == \'y\' ] && reboot
}
main() {
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}1/18 : Start Init CentOS7 Script ${RGB_END}"
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}2/18 : Customize the profile (color and alias)${RGB_END}"
custom_profile
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}3/18 : Time zone adjustment${RGB_END}"
time_zone
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}4/18 : Disable selinux and firewalld${RGB_END}"
disable_software
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}5/18 : Disable Ctrl Alt Del${RGB_END}"
disable_cad
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}6/18 : Kernel parameter optimization${RGB_END}"
kernel_optimum
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}7/18 : The updatedb optimization${RGB_END}"
updatedb_optimum
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}8/18 : Adding swap space${RGB_END}"
new_swap
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}9/18 : Adjustment of ulimit${RGB_END}"
adjust_ulimit
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}10/18 : Enable tcp bbr congestion control algorithm${RGB_END}"
open_bbr
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}11/18 : Enable IPV6${RGB_END}"
open_ipv6
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}12/18 : Remove unnecessary users and user groups from the system${RGB_END}"
remove_users
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}13/18 : System permissions for sensitive files${RGB_END}"
sys_permissions
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}14/18 : Modify Account Password Survival Policy${RGB_END}"
password_policy
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}15/18 : Maximum number of days an account is valid after password expiration strategy${RGB_END}"
change_useradd
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}16/18 : Secure configuration of SSH${RGB_END}"
sec_ssh
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}17/18 : Timeout Auto-Logout Configuration${RGB_END}"
timeout_config
echo -e "\n${RGB_INFO}18/18 : Configure account login failure lockout policy${RGB_END}"
lockout_policy
reboot_os
}
clear
tool_info
check_root
check_os
check_lock
main
测试执行截图如下
再次执行脚本会提示已经做了安全加固优化，无须再次执行
内容出处：，
声明：本网站所收集的部分公开资料来源于互联网，转载的目的在于传递更多信息及用于网络分享，并不代表本站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责，也不构成任何其他建议。如果您发现网站上有侵犯您的知识产权的作品，请与我们取得联系，我们会及时修改或删除。文章链接：http://www.yixao.com/share/14492.html
赞 (0)
打赏
微信扫一扫
支付宝扫一扫
微信扫一扫
支付宝扫一扫
阳光正义的割韭菜 理财暴利攻略
上一篇
2020-11-14 08:12
超轻巧Canvas图表库
下一篇
2020-11-15 11:02
相关推荐
-
vConsole：移动端调试网页的神器
在项目进行混合开发或者网页在移动端调试的时候，特别是在webview里面调试，鹅厂的vConsole就很管用了。 GitHub地址：https://github.com/Tence…
-
awesome-web-effect：一系列精致、酷炫的网页效果
awesome-web-effect里面收集了一系列精致、酷炫的网页效果，其中包括背景装饰、鼠标、3D、图像、输入、过渡、雨雪、按钮、加载、音效、SVG动画等各种效果。 推荐原因：…
-
java版建站神器JPress
一款类似WordPress的java版建站神器JPress，不仅仅包含了极其简单的模板设计方法， 更多的是做了非常多符合中国互联网生态的创新。 天生融合微信生态系统，简单易上手。J…
-
Epic赠送《装机模拟器》限时免费
Epic大表哥就不用介绍了，本周送游戏《装机模拟器》。《装机模拟器》是由 The Irregular Corporation 开发并发行的一款模拟游戏。在游戏中，玩家将打造属于自己…
-
查看显示器拖影的网站
有的朋友买到笔记本感觉屏幕有拖影，其实可以上这个网站测试一下。这个网站可以让你比较不同帧数下的画面，有30帧/60帧等对比，包括游戏画面和文本浏览等对比。右上角Chase Squa…
-
gRPC1.34.0 发布，高性能 RPC 框架
gRPC Core 的 1.34.0 版已经发布，详细的 gRPC 文档请参阅 grpc.io，此版本包含改进和一些错误修复，下面列出了本次更新的一些重点内容： Core 使用环境…
-
Sa-Token：一款功能强大的权限认证框架，用起来够优雅
在我们做SpringBoot项目的时候，认证授权是必不可少的功能！我们经常会选择Shiro、Spring Security这类权限认证框架来实现，但这些框架使用起来有点繁琐，而且功…
-
基于ASP.NETCore的免费二次开发框架分享
本人使用这个框架开发了一个属于自己的后台管理系统，因为开发时间并不长，可能陆陆续续有一个月时间吧，目前只做了几个简单的功能，还在继续完善中，文章末尾我给大家讲讲我做的一些功能吧。
-
BrnShop–国内最好的.NET开源电商平台之一
说起国内早期的.NET开源电商平台，那就不得不提BrnShop与BrnMall，它们在国内开源.NET电商平台画上了浓重的一笔。但随着时间的推移，有很多过去开源的项目渐渐都不维护更…
-
Vant&NutUI–完美支持Vue3.0的移动端组件库
Vant和NutUI都是非常优秀的基于Vue的移动端UI组件库，从刚刚截图的结果来看，二者有很多相似的地方，对于大多数场景而言，两者的组件都够用了，至于如何选择，可以根据自身对组件的理解情况来进行针对性选择。